/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package jakarta.servlet;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Defines an object to provide client request information to a servlet. The
 * servlet container creates a <code>ServletRequest</code> object and passes it
 * as an argument to the servlet's <code>service</code> method.
 * <p>
 * A <code>ServletRequest</code> object provides data including parameter name
 * and values, attributes, and an input stream. Interfaces that extend
 * <code>ServletRequest</code> can provide additional protocol-specific data
 * (for example, HTTP data is provided by
 * {@link jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest}.
 *
 * @see jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
 */
public interface ServletRequest {

    /**
     * Returns the value of the named attribute as an <code>Object</code>, or
     * <code>null</code> if no attribute of the given name exists.
     * <p>
     * Attributes can be set two ways. The servlet container may set attributes
     * to make available custom information about a request. For example, for
     * requests made using HTTPS, the attribute
     * <code>jakarta.servlet.request.X509Certificate</code> can be used to
     * retrieve information on the certificate of the client. Attributes can
     * also be set programmatically using {@link ServletRequest#setAttribute}.
     * This allows information to be embedded into a request before a
     * {@link RequestDispatcher} call.
     * <p>
     * Attribute names should follow the same conventions as package names.
     * Names beginning with <code>java.*</code> and <code>javax.*</code> are
     * reserved for use by the Servlet specification. Names beginning with
     * <code>sun.*</code>, <code>com.sun.*</code>, <code>oracle.*</code> and
     * <code>com.oracle.*</code>) are reserved for use by Oracle Corporation.
     *
     * @param name
     *            a <code>String</code> specifying the name of the attribute
     * @return an <code>Object</code> containing the value of the attribute, or
     *         <code>null</code> if the attribute does not exist
     */
    public Object getAttribute(String name);

    /**
     * Returns an <code>Enumeration</code> containing the names of the
     * attributes available to this request. This method returns an empty
     * <code>Enumeration</code> if the request has no attributes available to
     * it.
     *
     * @return an <code>Enumeration</code> of strings containing the names of the
     *         request's attributes
     */
    public Enumeration<String> getAttributeNames();

    /**
     * Returns the name of the character encoding used in the body of this
     * request. This method returns <code>null</code> if the no character
     * encoding has been specified. The following priority order is used to
     * determine the specified encoding:
     * <ol>
     * <li>per request</li>
     * <li>web application default via the deployment descriptor or
     *     {@link ServletContext#setRequestCharacterEncoding(String)}</li>
     * <li>container default via container specific configuration</li>
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return a <code>String</code> containing the name of the character
     *         encoding, or <code>null</code> if the request does not specify a
     *         character encoding
     */
    public String getCharacterEncoding();

    /**
     * Overrides the name of the character encoding used in the body of this
     * request. This method must be called prior to reading request parameters
     * or reading input using getReader().
     *
     * @param env
     *            a <code>String</code> containing the name of the character
     *            encoding.
     * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
     *             if this is not a valid encoding
     */
    public void setCharacterEncoding(String env)
            throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

    /**
     * Returns the length, in bytes, of the request body and made available by
     * the input stream, or -1 if the length is not known. For HTTP servlets,
     * same as the value of the CGI variable CONTENT_LENGTH.
     *
     * @return an integer containing the length of the request body or -1 if the
     *         length is not known or is greater than {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}
     */
    public int getContentLength();

    /**
     * Returns the length, in bytes, of the request body and made available by
     * the input stream, or -1 if the length is not known. For HTTP servlets,
     * same as the value of the CGI variable CONTENT_LENGTH.
     *
     * @return a long integer containing the length of the request body or -1 if
     *         the length is not known
     * @since Servlet 3.1
     */
    public long getContentLengthLong();

    /**
     * Returns the MIME type of the body of the request, or <code>null</code> if
     * the type is not known. For HTTP servlets, same as the value of the CGI
     * variable CONTENT_TYPE.
     *
     * @return a <code>String</code> containing the name of the MIME type of the
     *         request, or null if the type is not known
     */
    public String getContentType();

    /**
     * Retrieves the body of the request as binary data using a
     * {@link ServletInputStream}. Either this method or {@link #getReader} may
     * be called to read the body, not both.
     *
     * @return a {@link ServletInputStream} object containing the body of the
     *         request
     * @exception IllegalStateException
     *                if the {@link #getReader} method has already been called
     *                for this request
     * @exception IOException
     *                if an input or output exception occurred
     */
    public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException;

    /**
     * Returns the value of a request parameter as a <code>String</code>, or
     * <code>null</code> if the parameter does not exist. Request parameters are
     * extra information sent with the request. For HTTP servlets, parameters
     * are contained in the query string or posted form data.
     * <p>
     * You should only use this method when you are sure the parameter has only
     * one value. If the parameter might have more than one value, use
     * {@link #getParameterValues}.
     * <p>
     * If you use this method with a multivalued parameter, the value returned
     * is equal to the first value in the array returned by
     * <code>getParameterValues</code>.
     * <p>
     * If the parameter data was sent in the request body, such as occurs with
     * an HTTP POST request, then reading the body directly via
     * {@link #getInputStream} or {@link #getReader} can interfere with the
     * execution of this method.
     *
     * @param name
     *            a <code>String</code> specifying the name of the parameter
     * @return a <code>String</code> representing the single value of the
     *         parameter
     * @see #getParameterValues
     */
    public String getParameter(String name);

    /**
     * Returns an <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>String</code> objects
     * containing the names of the parameters contained in this request. If the
     * request has no parameters, the method returns an empty
     * <code>Enumeration</code>.
     *
     * @return an <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>String</code> objects, each
     *         <code>String</code> containing the name of a request parameter;
     *         or an empty <code>Enumeration</code> if the request has no
     *         parameters
     */
    public Enumeration<String> getParameterNames();

    /**
     * Returns an array of <code>String</code> objects containing all of the
     * values the given request parameter has, or <code>null</code> if the
     * parameter does not exist.
     * <p>
     * If the parameter has a single value, the array has a length of 1.
     *
     * @param name
     *            a <code>String</code> containing the name of the parameter
     *            whose value is requested
     * @return an array of <code>String</code> objects containing the parameter's
     *         values
     * @see #getParameter
     */
    public String[] getParameterValues(String name);

    /**
     * Returns a java.util.Map of the parameters of this request. Request
     * parameters are extra information sent with the request. For HTTP
     * servlets, parameters are contained in the query string or posted form
     * data.
     *
     * @return an immutable java.util.Map containing parameter names as keys and
     *         parameter values as map values. The keys in the parameter map are
     *         of type String. The values in the parameter map are of type
     *         String array.
     */
    public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap();

    /**
     * Returns the name and version of the protocol the request uses in the form
     * <i>protocol/majorVersion.minorVersion</i>, for example, HTTP/1.1. For
     * HTTP servlets, the value returned is the same as the value of the CGI
     * variable <code>SERVER_PROTOCOL</code>.
     *
     * @return a <code>String</code> containing the protocol name and version
     *         number
     */
    public String getProtocol();

    /**
     * Returns the name of the scheme used to make this request, for example,
     * <code>http</code>, <code>https</code>, or <code>ftp</code>. Different
     * schemes have different rules for constructing URLs, as noted in RFC 1738.
     *
     * @return a <code>String</code> containing the name of the scheme used to
     *         make this request
     */
    public String getScheme();

    /**
     * Returns the host name of the server to which the request was sent. It is
     * the value of the part before ":" in the <code>Host</code> header value,
     * if any, or the resolved server name, or the server IP address.
     *
     * @return a <code>String</code> containing the name of the server
     */
    public String getServerName();

    /**
     * Returns the port number to which the request was sent. It is the value of
     * the part after ":" in the <code>Host</code> header value, if any, or the
     * server port where the client connection was accepted on.
     *
     * @return an integer specifying the port number
     */
    public int getServerPort();

    /**
     * Retrieves the body of the request as character data using a
     * <code>BufferedReader</code>. The reader translates the character data
     * according to the character encoding used on the body. Either this method
     * or {@link #getInputStream} may be called to read the body, not both.
     *
     * @return a <code>BufferedReader</code> containing the body of the request
     * @exception java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
     *                if the character set encoding used is not supported and
     *                the text cannot be decoded
     * @exception IllegalStateException
     *                if {@link #getInputStream} method has been called on this
     *                request
     * @exception IOException
     *                if an input or output exception occurred
     * @see #getInputStream
     */
    public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException;

    /**
     * Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the client or last proxy
     * that sent the request. For HTTP servlets, same as the value of the CGI
     * variable <code>REMOTE_ADDR</code>.
     *
     * @return a <code>String</code> containing the IP address of the client
     *         that sent the request
     */
    public String getRemoteAddr();

    /**
     * Returns the fully qualified name of the client or the last proxy that
     * sent the request. If the engine cannot or chooses not to resolve the
     * hostname (to improve performance), this method returns the dotted-string
     * form of the IP address. For HTTP servlets, same as the value of the CGI
     * variable <code>REMOTE_HOST</code>.
     *
     * @return a <code>String</code> containing the fully qualified name of the
     *         client
     */
    public String getRemoteHost();

    /**
     * Stores an attribute in this request. Attributes are reset between
     * requests. This method is most often used in conjunction with
     * {@link RequestDispatcher}.
     * <p>
     * Attribute names should follow the same conventions as package names.
     * Names beginning with <code>java.*</code> and <code>javax.*</code> are
     * reserved for use by the Servlet specification. Names beginning with
     * <code>sun.*</code>, <code>com.sun.*</code>, <code>oracle.*</code> and
     * <code>com.oracle.*</code>) are reserved for use by Oracle Corporation.
     * <br>
     * If the object passed in is null, the effect is the same as calling
     * {@link #removeAttribute}. <br>
     * It is warned that when the request is dispatched from the servlet resides
     * in a different web application by <code>RequestDispatcher</code>, the
     * object set by this method may not be correctly retrieved in the caller
     * servlet.
     *
     * @param name
     *            a <code>String</code> specifying the name of the attribute
     * @param o
     *            the <code>Object</code> to be stored
     */
    public void setAttribute(String name, Object o);

    /**
     * Removes an attribute from this request. This method is not generally
     * needed as attributes only persist as long as the request is being
     * handled.
     * <p>
     * Attribute names should follow the same conventions as package names.
     * Names beginning with <code>java.*</code> and <code>javax.*</code> are
     * reserved for use by the Servlet specification. Names beginning with
     * <code>sun.*</code>, <code>com.sun.*</code>, <code>oracle.*</code> and
     * <code>com.oracle.*</code>) are reserved for use by Oracle Corporation.
     *
     * @param name
     *            a <code>String</code> specifying the name of the attribute to
     *            remove
     */
    public void removeAttribute(String name);

    /**
     * Returns the preferred <code>Locale</code> that the client will accept
     * content in, based on the Accept-Language header. If the client request
     * doesn't provide an Accept-Language header, this method returns the
     * default locale for the server.
     *
     * @return the preferred <code>Locale</code> for the client
     */
    public Locale getLocale();

    /**
     * Returns an <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>Locale</code> objects
     * indicating, in decreasing order starting with the preferred locale, the
     * locales that are acceptable to the client based on the Accept-Language
     * header. If the client request doesn't provide an Accept-Language header,
     * this method returns an <code>Enumeration</code> containing one
     * <code>Locale</code>, the default locale for the server.
     *
     * @return an <code>Enumeration</code> of preferred <code>Locale</code>
     *         objects for the client
     */
    public Enumeration<Locale> getLocales();

    /**
     * Returns a boolean indicating whether this request was made using a secure
     * channel, such as HTTPS.
     *
     * @return a boolean indicating if the request was made using a secure
     *         channel
     */
    public boolean isSecure();

    /**
     * Returns a {@link RequestDispatcher} object that acts as a wrapper for the
     * resource located at the given path. A <code>RequestDispatcher</code>
     * object can be used to forward a request to the resource or to include the
     * resource in a response. The resource can be dynamic or static.
     * <p>
     * The pathname specified may be relative, although it cannot extend outside
     * the current servlet context. If the path begins with a "/" it is
     * interpreted as relative to the current context root. This method returns
     * <code>null</code> if the servlet container cannot return a
     * <code>RequestDispatcher</code>.
     * <p>
     * The difference between this method and
     * {@link ServletContext#getRequestDispatcher} is that this method can take
     * a relative path.
     *
     * @param path
     *            a <code>String</code> specifying the pathname to the resource.
     *            If it is relative, it must be relative against the current
     *            servlet.
     * @return a <code>RequestDispatcher</code> object that acts as a wrapper for
     *         the resource at the specified path, or <code>null</code> if the
     *         servlet container cannot return a <code>RequestDispatcher</code>
     * @see RequestDispatcher
     * @see ServletContext#getRequestDispatcher
     */
    public RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path);

    /**
     * Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) source port of the client or last
     * proxy that sent the request.
     *
     * @return an integer specifying the port number
     *
     * @since Servlet 2.4
     */
    public int getRemotePort();

    /**
     * Returns the host name of the Internet Protocol (IP) interface on which
     * the request was received.
     *
     * @return a <code>String</code> containing the host name of the IP on which
     *         the request was received.
     * @since Servlet 2.4
     */
    public String getLocalName();

    /**
     * Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the interface on which the
     * request was received.
     *
     * @return a <code>String</code> containing the IP address on which the
     *         request was received.
     * @since Servlet 2.4
     */
    public String getLocalAddr();

    /**
     * Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) port number of the interface on which
     * the request was received.
     *
     * @return an integer specifying the port number
     *
     * @since Servlet 2.4
     */
    public int getLocalPort();

    /**
     * @return TODO
     * @since Servlet 3.0 TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
     */
    public ServletContext getServletContext();

    /**
     * @return TODO
     * @throws IllegalStateException If async is not supported for this request
     * @since Servlet 3.0 TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
     */
    public AsyncContext startAsync() throws IllegalStateException;

    /**
     * @param servletRequest    The ServletRequest with which to initialise the
     *                          asynchronous context
     * @param servletResponse   The ServletResponse with which to initialise the
     *                          asynchronous context
     * @return TODO
     * @throws IllegalStateException If async is not supported for this request
     * @since Servlet 3.0 TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
     */
    public AsyncContext startAsync(ServletRequest servletRequest,
            ServletResponse servletResponse) throws IllegalStateException;

    /**
     * @return TODO
     * @since Servlet 3.0 TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
     */
    public boolean isAsyncStarted();

    /**
     * @return TODO
     * @since Servlet 3.0 TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
     */
    public boolean isAsyncSupported();

    /**
     * Get the current AsyncContext.
     *
     * @return The current AsyncContext
     *
     * @throws IllegalStateException if the request is not in asynchronous mode
     *         (i.e. @link #isAsyncStarted() is {@code false})
     *
     * @since Servlet 3.0
     */
    public AsyncContext getAsyncContext();

    /**
     * @return TODO
     * @since Servlet 3.0 TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
     */
    public DispatcherType getDispatcherType();

    /**
     * Obtain a unique (within the lifetime of the Servlet container) identifier
     * string for this request.
     * <p>
     * There is no defined format for this string. The format is implementation
     * dependent.
     *
     * @return A unique identifier for the request
     *
     * @since Servlet 6.0
     */
    String getRequestId();

    /**
     * Obtain the request identifier for this request as defined by the protocol
     * in use. Note that some protocols do not define such an identifier.
     * <p>
     * Examples of protocol provided request identifiers include:
     * <dl>
     * <dt>HTTP 1.x</dt>
     * <dd>None, so the empty string should be returned</dd>
     * <dt>HTTP 2</dt>
     * <dd>The stream identifier</dd>
     * <dt>HTTP 3</dt>
     * <dd>The stream identifier</dd>
     * <dt>AJP</dt>
     * <dd>None, so the empty string should be returned</dd>
     * </dl>
     *
     * @return The request identifier if one is defined, otherwise an empty
     *         string
     *
     * @since Servlet 6.0
     */
    String getProtocolRequestId();

    /**
     * Obtain details of the network connection to the Servlet container that is
     * being used by this request. The information presented may differ from
     * information presented elsewhere in the Servlet API as raw information is
     * presented without adjustments for, example, use of reverse proxies that
     * may be applied elsewhere in the Servlet API.
     *
     * @return The network connection details.
     *
     * @since Servlet 6.0
     */
    ServletConnection getServletConnection();
}
